ئەکادیمیا قوتابی

Expressing Certainty and Possibility

ده‌ربرینا پشتراستیێ وئه‌گه‌ریێ

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Certainty in the Present

First Sentence				Second Sentence
S	must can't	be	V.ing P.P Adv. adj. N.	, S	must can't	base + com.

Some Examples

• Sara is not answering the phone, she must be having dinner now.
• Ali is very happy, he can't be aware of the accident
• They won the trouphy, they must be happy by now
• He will play for the national team, he must play well.

Possibility in the Present

First Sentence				Second Sentence
S	might may could	be	V.ing P.P Adv. adj. n.	, S	might may could	base + com.

Some Examples

• I visited Ali but he was not at home, he might be gone to the sport center.
• I dont know him very well, but he could be from Erbil.
• He plays playstation, he might be very professional at it.
• He is very tall, he may play for the volleyball team.

Certainty in the Past

First Sentence				Second Sentence
S	must can't couldn't	have been	V.ing P.P Adv. adj. N.	, S	must can't couldn't	have + P.P.	com.

Some Examples

• He was not at school today, he must have been sick last night.
• He was late to work, he can't have been awake by 7:30am.
• Liya could't have been sick.

Possibility in the Past

First Sentence				Second Sentence
S	might may could	have been	V.ing P.P Adv. adj. N.	, S	might may could	have + P.P.	com.

Some Examples

• I could have done better.
• I couldn't have done that without you.
• I could have been there before.